CVE-2025-3000: PyTorch: memory corruption in torch.jit.script compiler

Q: Is CVE-2025-3000 actively exploited?

Proof-of-concept exploit code is publicly available for CVE-2025-3000, increasing the risk of exploitation.

Q: How to fix CVE-2025-3000?

1. Monitor pytorch/pytorch#149623 for patch release and prioritize upgrade to fixed version. 2. Until patched: restrict torch.jit.script execution to trusted users only on shared ML platforms. 3. Run all PyTorch workloads in isolated containers with restrictive seccomp/AppArmor profiles and no-new-privileges. 4. Audit multi-tenant ML platforms for users who could submit arbitrary PyTorch code. 5. Alert on unexpected PyTorch process crashes or OOM events in training infrastructure as potential exploitation indicators.

Q: What systems are affected by CVE-2025-3000?

This vulnerability affects the following AI/ML architecture patterns: training pipelines, model serving, MLOps pipelines, multi-tenant GPU clusters, Jupyter/notebook environments.

Q: What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-3000?

CVE-2025-3000 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (MEDIUM). The EPSS exploitation probability is 0.20%.

GHSA-rrmf-rvhw-rf47MEDIUMPoC AVAILABLE

Published March 31, 2025

CISO Take

PyTorch 2.6.0's JIT compiler has a memory corruption flaw (CWE-119) triggerable by any local user with low privileges — a realistic threat in shared ML infrastructure like JupyterHub, Kubeflow, or multi-tenant GPU clusters. A public exploit exists, raising near-term exploitation probability. Patch PyTorch when a fixed release is available and isolate untrusted code execution in the interim.

What is the risk?

Nominal CVSS of 5.3 (Medium) understates operational risk for organizations running shared ML infrastructure. Local attack vector is trivially satisfied in multi-user training environments. Low complexity + low privilege requirements + public exploit = elevated practical risk beyond the base score. No CISA KEV listing suggests no active mass exploitation yet, but the public PoC changes the calculus for exposed environments.

What systems are affected?

Package	Ecosystem	Vulnerable Range	Patched
PyTorch	pip	—	No patch
105.0KOpenSSF 6.426.1K dependentsPushed 6d ago17% patched~210d to patchFull package profile →
PyTorch	pip	<= 2.12.1	`2.13.0`
105.0KOpenSSF 6.426.1K dependentsPushed 6d ago17% patched~210d to patchFull package profile →

How severe is it?

CVSS 3.1

5.3 / 10

EPSS

0.2%

chance of exploitation in 30 days

Higher than 10% of all CVEs

Source: EPSS v3 — FIRST.org

Exploitation Status

Exploit Available

Exploitation: MEDIUM

Sophistication

Moderate

Exploitation Confidence

medium

○Public PoC indexed (trickest/cve)

Composite signal derived from CISA KEV, VulnCheck KEV, CISA SSVC, EPSS, Metasploit, Exploit-DB, trickest/cve, Nuclei templates, and inthewild.io exploitation reports.

What is the attack surface?

AVLocal

ACLow

PRLow

UINone

SUnchanged

CLow

ILow

ALow

What should I do?

5 steps

Monitor pytorch/pytorch#149623 for patch release and prioritize upgrade to fixed version.
Until patched: restrict torch.jit.script execution to trusted users only on shared ML platforms.
Run all PyTorch workloads in isolated containers with restrictive seccomp/AppArmor profiles and no-new-privileges.
Audit multi-tenant ML platforms for users who could submit arbitrary PyTorch code.
Alert on unexpected PyTorch process crashes or OOM events in training infrastructure as potential exploitation indicators.

What does CISA's SSVC say?

DecisionTrack

Exploitationnone

AutomatableNo

Technical Impactpartial

Source: CISA Vulnrichment (SSVC v2.0). Decision based on the CISA Coordinator decision tree.

How is it classified?

Code ExecutionSupply ChainFrameworkInferenceAML.T0010.001- AI Software AML.T0050- Command and Scripting Interpreter AML.T0105- Escape to Host

Which compliance frameworks are affected?

This CVE is relevant to:

EU AI Act

Article 15-Accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity

ISO 42001

A.6.1.2-AI system risk assessment

NIST AI RMF

MANAGE 2.4-Mechanisms for tracking, responding to and recovering from risks

OWASP LLM Top 10

LLM03:2025-Supply Chain Vulnerabilities

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-3000?

Is CVE-2025-3000 actively exploited?

Proof-of-concept exploit code is publicly available for CVE-2025-3000, increasing the risk of exploitation.

How to fix CVE-2025-3000?

1. Monitor pytorch/pytorch#149623 for patch release and prioritize upgrade to fixed version. 2. Until patched: restrict torch.jit.script execution to trusted users only on shared ML platforms. 3. Run all PyTorch workloads in isolated containers with restrictive seccomp/AppArmor profiles and no-new-privileges. 4. Audit multi-tenant ML platforms for users who could submit arbitrary PyTorch code. 5. Alert on unexpected PyTorch process crashes or OOM events in training infrastructure as potential exploitation indicators.

What systems are affected by CVE-2025-3000?

This vulnerability affects the following AI/ML architecture patterns: training pipelines, model serving, MLOps pipelines, multi-tenant GPU clusters, Jupyter/notebook environments.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-3000?

CVE-2025-3000 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 (MEDIUM). The EPSS exploitation probability is 0.20%.

What is the AI security impact?

Affected AI Architectures

training pipelinesmodel servingMLOps pipelinesmulti-tenant GPU clustersJupyter/notebook environments

MITRE ATLAS Techniques

AML.T0010.001AI Software

AML.T0050Command and Scripting Interpreter

AML.T0105Escape to Host

Compliance Controls Affected

EU AI Act: Article 15

ISO 42001: A.6.1.2

NIST AI RMF: MANAGE 2.4

OWASP LLM Top 10: LLM03:2025

What are the technical details?

Original Advisory

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in PyTorch 2.6.0. This affects the function torch.jit.script. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Exploitation Scenario

An attacker with a low-privilege account on a shared GPU training server crafts a Python script invoking torch.jit.script with a malformed function or class designed to trigger the memory corruption bug. During JIT compilation, the manipulated input corrupts adjacent memory structures. Depending on heap layout, this could enable arbitrary write primitives for privilege escalation on the host or, in Kubernetes-based ML platforms, a path to container escape. In a supply chain scenario, a malicious dependency could silently inject the exploit into a training pipeline.

Weaknesses (CWE)

CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory BufferPrimary CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CWE-119 — Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer: The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.

[Requirements] Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer. Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
[Architecture and Design] Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.

Source: MITRE CWE corpus.