Autonomous Quantum Transport Measurements of 2D Semiconductors by an AI Agent

Artificial-intelligence (AI) agents are beginning to enter experimental laboratories, automating experiments and accelerating scientific discovery. Herein, we introduce an AI-driven workflow in which an AI agent performs multi-step, multi-day quantum transport measurements end-to-end. Specifically, given brief instructions, the agent starts by planning the multi-step measurements, then safely operates the cryogenic instruments, analyzes the data, and concludes with a final report. We demonstrate this AI workflow on multiple monolayer and bilayer MoS2 devices. Through autonomous measurement campaigns lasting up to six days, the agent determined the conduction-band spin-orbit coupling energy in monolayer MoS2, and mapped a layer- and valley-resolved phase diagram in bilayer MoS2. This experimental workflow is implemented through the FermiLink agent harness, which emphasizes instrumental safety and the reliability of the measurement and analysis. The framework is general and can be readily adapted to other types of experiments, representing a step toward self-driving laboratories.